Regulatory & Legal
EU regulations shaping how data is stored, processed, and transferred.
GDPR Enforcement Trends
An analysis of landmark GDPR enforcement actions from 2021 to 2024, including record-breaking fines against Meta, Amazon, and TikTok, and...
EU Cloud Certification Scheme (EUCS)
The EU Cybersecurity Certification Scheme for Cloud Services (EUCS), developed by ENISA under the Cybersecurity Act, will introduce tiere...
DORA & NIS2: Multi-Cloud Resilience Requirements
The Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) and the revised Network and Information Security Directive (NIS2) represent a paradigm shif...
The US CLOUD Act Explained
The Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act (CLOUD Act), enacted in 2018, grants US law enforcement the power to compel American techn...
Surveillance & Trust
How US surveillance law reaches European data, and why transatlantic transfers keep collapsing.
Schrems I, Schrems II & the Fragile EU-US Data Deal
The transatlantic data transfer framework has been struck down twice by the Court of Justice of the European Union, first in Schrems I (2...
PRISM, FISA 702 & US Surveillance of Cloud Data
Edward Snowden's 2013 disclosures revealed the scale of NSA surveillance programmes targeting data held by US technology companies. Secti...
The Microsoft Ireland Warrant Case
In 2013, the US government issued a warrant for emails stored on Microsoft's servers in Dublin, Ireland. Microsoft fought the order throu...
Sovereignty & Strategy
What digital sovereignty means in practice: procurement, exit strategies, and vendor lock-in.
Digital Sovereignty: What It Actually Means
Digital sovereignty has become the defining concept in European technology policy, but it is frequently reduced to a slogan. In practice,...
EU Funding for Tech Independence
The European Union and its Member States are channelling billions of euros into cloud infrastructure, AI, semiconductors, and digital pub...
Vendor Lock-in with US Hyperscalers
AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud have built business models that make leaving expensive and technically painful. Egress fees, propr...
Cloud & Infrastructure
The economics, credits, and realities of building on European cloud infrastructure.
Practical
Real-world migrations, open-source tools, and the European alternatives ecosystem.
Migration Success Stories
European organisations — from national governments to municipalities to fast-growing startups — have successfully migrated off US platfor...
Open Source as a Sovereignty Lever
Open-source software is the most structurally durable tool for achieving digital sovereignty. When you can audit the code, self-host the ...